Increased BMI levels, overweight, and obesity are associated with decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, and changes in sperm morphology.

It is also associated, in both women and men, with subfertility (time to pregnancy > 12 months or use of assisted reproductive technology). Consistent with these observations, the results of a meta-analysis showed oligozoospermia and azoospermia in obese men.

University of Copenhagen (Denmark) investigated the effect of weight loss on different parameters of the semen of obese men, discovering that, after an eight-week diet, sperm concentration and sperm count improved. Results were preserved after 52 weeks if the downward trend (>12 kg) was maintained.

In conclusion, the research reveals that a hypocaloric diet in obese men improves sperm count and concentration. In addition, evidence was provided that liraglutide plus exercise can be used to maintain the induced improvements and preserve sperm quality in the long term.

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