Osteoporosis, bone fragility associated with lower bone quality and quantity, is a major problem in the aging population. Over the years, the balance between bone formation and resorption tends to favor the latter, resulting in decreased mass and altered bone architecture. In vitro, it has been observed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with osteoporosis are more likely to differentiate into adipocytes than osteoblasts, compared to cells isolated from patients with normal bone mass, and osteoporotic bones tend to accumulate adipocytes. in the trabecular space.

Adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from a common mesenchymal precursor cell. Experimental evidence indicates that there is a considerable degree of plasticity between osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. Even fully differentiated osteoblasts derived from human mesenchymal stem cells are capable of re-differentiating into adipocytes and chondrocytes, and vice versa.

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