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In mammals, gonadal steroid hormones regulate sex differences in neural activity and behavior by establishing circuits during critical periods of development and triggering the display of innate social skills in adulthood. Among these, estradiol is the main regulator of differentiation in mice. Hundreds of genes in the brain are under the control of estrogen. Fluctuating levels of [...]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder that manifests as a symmetric polyarthritis of small and large joints that may lead to joint and periarticular structural damage and the consequences of systemic inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis an be deadly. Many studies have shown that patients with RA live 6 to 11 fewer years than [...]

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended for everything we do that isn’t sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise. It ranges from the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks and fidgeting. Even trivial physical activities increase metabolic rate substantially and it is the cumulative impact of a multitude of [...]

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in high-income countries and the second most common worldwide. A study from the University of Bristol found that for every five additional BMI units, a woman's risk of uterine cancer nearly doubles (88% increase). It was shown that a high BMI throughout life causes an increase in uterine cauterization. Strong [...]

The study of Helicobacter pylori genetic variability brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multilogues sequence typing and more recently on whole-genome sequencing, palaeomicrobiology still attracts the attention of global researchers in relation to its ancestor roots and coexistence with humans. Three studies determining the prevalence of virulence factors illustrates the [...]

Portal Hypertension is a disease that affects the liver parenchyma. It is characterized by an increase in portal venous pressure that gives rise to the formation of an extensive vascular network of portosystemic collaterals that divert blood from the portal territory to the systemic circulation, preventing its arrival in the liver. It causes metabolic, hemodynamic [...]

Hyaluronic  acid  is a substance that is present in our body and that helps us to produce collagen , in addition to maintaining optimal levels of moisture in the skin, since it has the property of retaining a quantity of water. Its functions as a collagen stimulator, water retainer and filler material; They have made it a great ally in [...]

According to several systemic reviews and prospective meta-analyses, insomnia, few hours of sleep, daytime sleepiness, nap duration, and chronotype are sleep traits that influence glycemic values ​​in the general population as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The University of Bristol lead a study in which people who reported often having difficulty falling asleep or staying [...]

The kidneys play a vital role in the excretion of waste products and toxins such as urea, creatinine and uric acid, regulation of extracellular fluid volume, serum osmolality and electrolyte concentrations, as well as the production of hormones like erythropoietin and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and renin. The functional unit of the kidney is the [...]