DNA

DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in all living things. It is the molecule that contains the information necessary to build and control all the functions of the body. Without DNA, there would be no life as we know it.

The structure of DNA is known as a double helix. It is made up of two chains of sugars and phosphates that wind together to form a kind of ladder. The rungs of the ladder are made up of pairs of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These nitrogenous bases are those that contain the genetic information.

Genetic information is found in so-called “genes,” which are specific segments of DNA that code for a specific protein. These proteins are responsible for carrying out specific functions of the body, such as digestion, muscle contraction and the immune response.

Genetic information is transferred from one cell to another during cell division and reproduction. During cell division, DNA is replicated exactly, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic information. During reproduction, the DNA of the parents is combined to create a unique combination of genetic information in the offspring.

DNA is also responsible for genetic variability between individuals. Although all humans have the same number of genes, small variations in the sequence of nitrogenous bases can lead to phenotypic differences, such as eye color or blood group. These genetic variations can also contribute to genetic diseases.

The understanding of DNA has led to a breakthrough in medicine. DNA sequencing technology has allowed scientists to analyze the genetic information of individuals and entire populations, leading to the identification of genes associated with genetic diseases and the development of gene therapies.

DNA editing technology has also allowed scientists to modify genetic information in precise ways.